Discover Jerome Bruner's transformative educational theories, from the spiral curriculum to narrative learning.
Main, P (2023, May 03). Jerome Bruner's Theories. Retrieved from https://www.structural-learning.com/post/jerome-bruners-theories
Jerome Seymour Bruner, a highly influential psychologist, made groundbreaking contributions to the fields of cognitive development, educational psychology, and developmental psychology. Born in New York City in 1915, Bruner pursued his degree in psychology at Duke University before obtaining his doctorate at Harvard University.
Throughout his illustrious career, he worked alongside eminent psychologists, shaping our understanding of the human mind and its development.
Bruner's work at Harvard University led to a series of groundbreaking discoveries in cognitive development. His theories have had a lasting impact on educational thinking, transforming the way educators approach teaching and learning.
As an advocate for understanding the intricacies of the human mind, Bruner delved deep into the processes that influence cognitive development, paving the way for new perspectives in educational psychology.
One of Bruner's most significant contributions to the field of developmental psychology was his theory of instruction, which emphasized the importance of discovery learning and the active engagement of learners in the educational process.
This revolutionary approach to teaching has inspired countless educators to adopt more student-centered methods, fostering creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills in their classrooms.
Jerome Bruner's work also extended to the realm of language acquisition and its connection to cognitive development. His research revealed the crucial role that language plays in shaping our thoughts and understanding of the world. This insight has been instrumental in helping educators develop more effective strategies for teaching language and communication skills to students.
As a testament to his impact on the field of psychology, Bruner received numerous accolades, including the American Psychological Association's Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. His legacy continues to influence educational psychology, with his theories still being utilized and explored by researchers and educators around the globe.
Jerome Seymour Bruner's life and career represent a remarkable journey of discovery and innovation in the realms of cognitive development, educational psychology, and developmental psychology. In this article, we will highlight some of his most significant contributions and their potential significance for the classroom.
Jerome Bruner's work in cognitive psychology led to the development of his Discovery Learning theory, a transformative approach to the learning process that emphasizes experiential learning and active engagement.
This innovative Theory of Education aligns with the Philosophy of Education that encourages learners to explore new concepts, draw their conclusions, and build a strong semantic memory through hands-on experiences.
Experimental studies have shown that discovery learning captures students' attention, encourages critical thinking, and fosters a deeper understanding of the subject matter. In designing classroom activities with this approach, teachers must focus on creating opportunities for students to explore and experiment, allowing them to learn through trial and error.
This hands-on, student-centered learning environment nurtures curiosity, creativity, and problem-solving skills, which are essential for long-term success.
To successfully implement Bruner's Discovery Learning theory, teachers should encourage student learning through guided inquiry and open-ended questions. This approach empowers learners to seek answers, make connections, and develop their cognitive abilities.
Additionally, providing opportunities for collaborative learning and group projects can further enhance the learning process by promoting social interaction and shared discovery.
Embracing Bruner's Discovery Learning theory can profoundly impact the learning experiences of students. By designing classroom activities that foster exploration, experimentation, and critical thinking, teachers can create an enriching environment that engages students, enhances their cognitive development, and prepares them for a lifetime of curiosity and learning.
Bruner's work in cognitive psychology led to the development of his Spiral Curriculum theory, a unique and transformative approach to the Theory of Education that emphasizes the importance of revisiting and building upon previously learned concepts.
In the Spiral Curriculum, study material is structured in such a way that it continually reinforces semantic memory while expanding upon it at each stage of development, ensuring that memory retrieval and procedural memory are continually strengthened.
For teachers, Bruner's Spiral Curriculum theory has significant implications for classroom instruction and curriculum design. By organizing teaching material in a way that revisits and extends previous knowledge, educators can create a learning environment that fosters deeper understanding and long-term retention.
This approach not only caters to the cognitive development of students but also encourages a more profound engagement with the subject matter.
To effectively implement the Spiral Curriculum, teachers should carefully plan lessons that continually reinforce and expand upon prior learning, providing students with opportunities to apply their knowledge to new contexts and challenges.
This approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter while promoting critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, by addressing the needs of students at different stages of development, the Spiral Curriculum ensures that all learners can engage with the material and build a strong foundation for future learning.
By designing classroom instruction and curriculum that fosters deeper understanding and long-term retention, teachers can create an enriching environment that caters to the cognitive development of learners and prepares them for a lifetime of curiosity and learning.
Bruner's influential work in cognitive psychology introduced the concept of modes of representation, a theoretical framework that outlines three distinct ways in which learners construct and organize knowledge.
These modes of representation – enactive, iconic, and symbolic – provide a foundation for educational thinking and serve as a basis for understanding how students process and internalize information.
Enactive representation, the first mode, refers to knowledge gained through direct physical interaction with the environment. It encompasses the idea that learning occurs through concrete experiences and actions.
Iconic representation, the second mode, pertains to visual imagery and the use of mental images to organize and understand information. Finally, symbolic representation involves the use of abstract symbols, such as language, to represent and communicate complex ideas.
For teachers, understanding Bruner's modes of representation has significant implications for classroom instruction. By incorporating a variety of representations into their teaching, educators can create a more dynamic and engaging learning environment that caters to the diverse cognitive needs of students.
This constructivist approach recognizes that learners actively construct meaning through their experiences and interactions with the world, and that education should foster this process by providing opportunities for students to engage with material across multiple modes of representation.
To effectively implement Bruner's modes of representation in the classroom, teachers should design activities that combine enactive, iconic, and symbolic elements.
For example, hands-on experiments and simulations can provide students with valuable enactive experiences, while visual aids, diagrams, and illustrations can support iconic understanding. By integrating language and discussion, educators can further enhance symbolic representation, promoting critical thinking and deeper comprehension of the subject matter.
Utilising Bruner's modes of representation can have a profound impact on student learning and overall educational outcomes. By incorporating a diverse range of representations into classroom instruction, teachers can create a more enriching and engaging environment that supports the cognitive development of learners and fosters a deeper understanding of the world around them.
Bruner's influential work also had a significant impact on educational theory, particularly in the concept of scaffolding learning. Scaffolding plays a crucial role in Bruner's approach, as it emphasizes the importance of guidance and support provided by teachers during the learning process.
By offering the appropriate level of assistance, educators can foster cognitive growth in students, helping them develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter and promoting the retention of information in long-term memory.
In the context of classroom instruction, scaffolding learning involves presenting teaching material in a way that is accessible to students while gradually increasing the complexity of the tasks. Teachers must carefully gauge the focus of attention and the needs of the learners, providing guidance and encouragement while ensuring that students are actively engaged in the learning process.
This approach not only supports the development of procedural memory but also fosters critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
To effectively implement scaffolding in the classroom, teachers should consider the following strategies: breaking complex tasks into smaller, manageable steps; providing clear instructions and explanations; offering feedback and encouragement; and gradually reducing support as students gain confidence and mastery over the material.
By incorporating these techniques, educators can create an environment that nurtures student learning and promotes the development of essential cognitive skills.
Bruner's concept of scaffolding learning offers valuable insights for teachers seeking to enhance classroom instruction and support the cognitive growth of their students. By providing the appropriate level of guidance and encouragement, educators can help learners navigate the complexities of the subject matter, fostering the development of long-term memory and procedural knowledge.
This approach not only enriches the learning experience but also empowers students to become more confident, capable, and independent learners.
Jerome Bruner's work in also holds significance in the realm of language development. His theory on language acquisition emphasizes the importance of social interaction, playful learning, and dialogic learning in promoting linguistic growth and comprehension.
This approach offers valuable insights for teachers seeking to enhance classroom instruction and support students in developing their language skills.
Bruner's emphasis on social interaction as a key driver of language development aligns with the principles of cultural psychology, underscoring the role of context and social experiences in shaping linguistic understanding.
By incorporating playful learning and dialogic learning strategies into their teaching material, educators can create a more engaging and dynamic learning environment that fosters the development of oracy skills and enhances long-term memory.
To effectively implement Bruner's theory on language acquisition in the classroom, teachers should design activities that promote social interaction and encourage students to practice their language skills in a variety of contexts.
This may include group discussions, debates, role-playing, storytelling, and other interactive exercises that stimulate linguistic development and promote the retention of study material.
In addition, by incorporating a range of teaching materials that cater to different learning styles and preferences, educators can ensure that all students have the opportunity to engage with the material and develop their language skills at their own pace. This approach not only supports the growth of linguistic understanding but also fosters a more inclusive and diverse learning environment.
By embracing the principles of social interaction, playful learning, and dialogic learning, educators can create a more dynamic and engaging learning environment that supports students in developing their language skills and fosters long-term memory and comprehension.
Jerome Bruner's work in cognitive psychology shares conceptual connections with several prominent educational theorists, including Lev Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, Carl Rogers, John Dewey, and Albert Bandura. These connections offer valuable insights for teachers seeking to enrich classroom instruction and promote student learning through a diverse range of perspectives.
Bruner's theories align with Vygotsky's emphasis on the social nature of learning, suggesting that cognitive development is strongly influenced by social interactions and cultural context.
This connection highlights the importance of creating a collaborative learning environment that fosters social engagement and shared discovery. Similarly, Bruner's focus on cognitive development resonates with Piaget's stage theory, emphasizing the need for educators to tailor instructional strategies to the developmental needs of students.
Drawing parallels with Carl Rogers' humanistic approach, Bruner's theories underscore the importance of fostering intrinsic motivation and self-directed learning, encouraging students to take an active role in the learning process.
John Dewey's experiential learning philosophy also aligns with Bruner's emphasis on discovery learning, suggesting that hands-on, real-world experiences are critical for deep understanding and long-lasting knowledge retention.
Finally, Albert Bandura's social learning theory complements Bruner's work by emphasizing the role of observation and imitation in learning.
By incorporating elements of these theorists' work into their teaching, educators can create a well-rounded and comprehensive learning environment that addresses the diverse cognitive, social, and emotional needs of students.
By weaving together these diverse approaches, educators can create a more dynamic, engaging, and effective learning environment that promotes cognitive development and fosters lifelong learning.
Jerome Bruner's pioneering work during the cognitive revolution has had a profound impact on modern educational practices, significantly shaping the way educators approach teaching and learning.
As one of the leading cognitive psychologists of his time, Bruner's groundbreaking research and publications, including those with Harvard University Press and Academic Press, have contributed to the development of a theoretical framework that continues to influence educational thought and practice.
Bruner's affiliation with renowned institutions such as the University of Oxford, University of California, and his contributions to the American Psychological Association have further solidified his position as an influential figure in the field of cognitive psychology.
His work has shifted the focus from the traditional behaviorist approach to a more comprehensive "thinking of memory" viewpoint, emphasizing the importance of semantic memory and memory retrieval in the learning process.
One of the most significant contributions of Bruner's work to modern educational practices is his emphasis on the active role of learners in constructing knowledge and making meaning. This perspective has encouraged educators to create learning environments that foster exploration, discovery, and critical thinking, thereby empowering students to take ownership of their learning.
Furthermore, Bruner's research on cognitive development and the role of language in shaping thought has informed the design of instructional strategies that cater to the developmental needs of learners. By incorporating his insights into classroom practice, teachers can create more engaging and effective learning experiences that promote the growth of cognitive skills and long-term memory.
In conclusion, Jerome Bruner's work has had a lasting impact on the field of education, shaping the way modern educational practices are approached and implemented. By embracing his theoretical framework and insights into cognitive psychology, educators can create more dynamic and effective learning environments that cater to the diverse needs of students and promote lifelong learning.
Here are five studies that explore Jerome Bruner's theoretical outlook on hands-on learning:
1. In Memoriam: Jerome Seymour Bruner [1915–2016]
Summary: This paper highlights Bruner's emphasis on children learning best through their own interests, scaffolded by adults. It discusses his "spiral curriculum" concept, which is crucial in the cognitive development of children.
2. Discovery Learning — Jerome Bruner
Summary: Bruner's work on knowledge construction through symbolic representations and scaffolding led to the 'learning how to learn' and 'learning by doing' movements in science education, impacting education policy and the role of education.
3. Rituals to Block the Reform of Education, Review of Jerome S. Bruner’s, the Process of Education
Summary: This review of Bruner's "The Process of Education" reflects on its significant impact on education theory, influencing the development of both children and adult learners.
4. The Instruction Theory of Jerome Bruner
Summary: This study discusses Bruner's guided discovery learning theory, emphasizing its role in educational psychology and its application in the development of social science curricula.
5. Jerome Bruner nos processos de aprender e ensinar Ciências
Summary: Bruner's theory, emphasizing problem-solving and cognitive development, is explored in the context of teaching and learning sciences, impacting educational approaches for both children and adult learners.
Jerome Seymour Bruner, a highly influential psychologist, made groundbreaking contributions to the fields of cognitive development, educational psychology, and developmental psychology. Born in New York City in 1915, Bruner pursued his degree in psychology at Duke University before obtaining his doctorate at Harvard University.
Throughout his illustrious career, he worked alongside eminent psychologists, shaping our understanding of the human mind and its development.
Bruner's work at Harvard University led to a series of groundbreaking discoveries in cognitive development. His theories have had a lasting impact on educational thinking, transforming the way educators approach teaching and learning.
As an advocate for understanding the intricacies of the human mind, Bruner delved deep into the processes that influence cognitive development, paving the way for new perspectives in educational psychology.
One of Bruner's most significant contributions to the field of developmental psychology was his theory of instruction, which emphasized the importance of discovery learning and the active engagement of learners in the educational process.
This revolutionary approach to teaching has inspired countless educators to adopt more student-centered methods, fostering creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills in their classrooms.
Jerome Bruner's work also extended to the realm of language acquisition and its connection to cognitive development. His research revealed the crucial role that language plays in shaping our thoughts and understanding of the world. This insight has been instrumental in helping educators develop more effective strategies for teaching language and communication skills to students.
As a testament to his impact on the field of psychology, Bruner received numerous accolades, including the American Psychological Association's Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. His legacy continues to influence educational psychology, with his theories still being utilized and explored by researchers and educators around the globe.
Jerome Seymour Bruner's life and career represent a remarkable journey of discovery and innovation in the realms of cognitive development, educational psychology, and developmental psychology. In this article, we will highlight some of his most significant contributions and their potential significance for the classroom.
Jerome Bruner's work in cognitive psychology led to the development of his Discovery Learning theory, a transformative approach to the learning process that emphasizes experiential learning and active engagement.
This innovative Theory of Education aligns with the Philosophy of Education that encourages learners to explore new concepts, draw their conclusions, and build a strong semantic memory through hands-on experiences.
Experimental studies have shown that discovery learning captures students' attention, encourages critical thinking, and fosters a deeper understanding of the subject matter. In designing classroom activities with this approach, teachers must focus on creating opportunities for students to explore and experiment, allowing them to learn through trial and error.
This hands-on, student-centered learning environment nurtures curiosity, creativity, and problem-solving skills, which are essential for long-term success.
To successfully implement Bruner's Discovery Learning theory, teachers should encourage student learning through guided inquiry and open-ended questions. This approach empowers learners to seek answers, make connections, and develop their cognitive abilities.
Additionally, providing opportunities for collaborative learning and group projects can further enhance the learning process by promoting social interaction and shared discovery.
Embracing Bruner's Discovery Learning theory can profoundly impact the learning experiences of students. By designing classroom activities that foster exploration, experimentation, and critical thinking, teachers can create an enriching environment that engages students, enhances their cognitive development, and prepares them for a lifetime of curiosity and learning.
Bruner's work in cognitive psychology led to the development of his Spiral Curriculum theory, a unique and transformative approach to the Theory of Education that emphasizes the importance of revisiting and building upon previously learned concepts.
In the Spiral Curriculum, study material is structured in such a way that it continually reinforces semantic memory while expanding upon it at each stage of development, ensuring that memory retrieval and procedural memory are continually strengthened.
For teachers, Bruner's Spiral Curriculum theory has significant implications for classroom instruction and curriculum design. By organizing teaching material in a way that revisits and extends previous knowledge, educators can create a learning environment that fosters deeper understanding and long-term retention.
This approach not only caters to the cognitive development of students but also encourages a more profound engagement with the subject matter.
To effectively implement the Spiral Curriculum, teachers should carefully plan lessons that continually reinforce and expand upon prior learning, providing students with opportunities to apply their knowledge to new contexts and challenges.
This approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter while promoting critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, by addressing the needs of students at different stages of development, the Spiral Curriculum ensures that all learners can engage with the material and build a strong foundation for future learning.
By designing classroom instruction and curriculum that fosters deeper understanding and long-term retention, teachers can create an enriching environment that caters to the cognitive development of learners and prepares them for a lifetime of curiosity and learning.
Bruner's influential work in cognitive psychology introduced the concept of modes of representation, a theoretical framework that outlines three distinct ways in which learners construct and organize knowledge.
These modes of representation – enactive, iconic, and symbolic – provide a foundation for educational thinking and serve as a basis for understanding how students process and internalize information.
Enactive representation, the first mode, refers to knowledge gained through direct physical interaction with the environment. It encompasses the idea that learning occurs through concrete experiences and actions.
Iconic representation, the second mode, pertains to visual imagery and the use of mental images to organize and understand information. Finally, symbolic representation involves the use of abstract symbols, such as language, to represent and communicate complex ideas.
For teachers, understanding Bruner's modes of representation has significant implications for classroom instruction. By incorporating a variety of representations into their teaching, educators can create a more dynamic and engaging learning environment that caters to the diverse cognitive needs of students.
This constructivist approach recognizes that learners actively construct meaning through their experiences and interactions with the world, and that education should foster this process by providing opportunities for students to engage with material across multiple modes of representation.
To effectively implement Bruner's modes of representation in the classroom, teachers should design activities that combine enactive, iconic, and symbolic elements.
For example, hands-on experiments and simulations can provide students with valuable enactive experiences, while visual aids, diagrams, and illustrations can support iconic understanding. By integrating language and discussion, educators can further enhance symbolic representation, promoting critical thinking and deeper comprehension of the subject matter.
Utilising Bruner's modes of representation can have a profound impact on student learning and overall educational outcomes. By incorporating a diverse range of representations into classroom instruction, teachers can create a more enriching and engaging environment that supports the cognitive development of learners and fosters a deeper understanding of the world around them.
Bruner's influential work also had a significant impact on educational theory, particularly in the concept of scaffolding learning. Scaffolding plays a crucial role in Bruner's approach, as it emphasizes the importance of guidance and support provided by teachers during the learning process.
By offering the appropriate level of assistance, educators can foster cognitive growth in students, helping them develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter and promoting the retention of information in long-term memory.
In the context of classroom instruction, scaffolding learning involves presenting teaching material in a way that is accessible to students while gradually increasing the complexity of the tasks. Teachers must carefully gauge the focus of attention and the needs of the learners, providing guidance and encouragement while ensuring that students are actively engaged in the learning process.
This approach not only supports the development of procedural memory but also fosters critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
To effectively implement scaffolding in the classroom, teachers should consider the following strategies: breaking complex tasks into smaller, manageable steps; providing clear instructions and explanations; offering feedback and encouragement; and gradually reducing support as students gain confidence and mastery over the material.
By incorporating these techniques, educators can create an environment that nurtures student learning and promotes the development of essential cognitive skills.
Bruner's concept of scaffolding learning offers valuable insights for teachers seeking to enhance classroom instruction and support the cognitive growth of their students. By providing the appropriate level of guidance and encouragement, educators can help learners navigate the complexities of the subject matter, fostering the development of long-term memory and procedural knowledge.
This approach not only enriches the learning experience but also empowers students to become more confident, capable, and independent learners.
Jerome Bruner's work in also holds significance in the realm of language development. His theory on language acquisition emphasizes the importance of social interaction, playful learning, and dialogic learning in promoting linguistic growth and comprehension.
This approach offers valuable insights for teachers seeking to enhance classroom instruction and support students in developing their language skills.
Bruner's emphasis on social interaction as a key driver of language development aligns with the principles of cultural psychology, underscoring the role of context and social experiences in shaping linguistic understanding.
By incorporating playful learning and dialogic learning strategies into their teaching material, educators can create a more engaging and dynamic learning environment that fosters the development of oracy skills and enhances long-term memory.
To effectively implement Bruner's theory on language acquisition in the classroom, teachers should design activities that promote social interaction and encourage students to practice their language skills in a variety of contexts.
This may include group discussions, debates, role-playing, storytelling, and other interactive exercises that stimulate linguistic development and promote the retention of study material.
In addition, by incorporating a range of teaching materials that cater to different learning styles and preferences, educators can ensure that all students have the opportunity to engage with the material and develop their language skills at their own pace. This approach not only supports the growth of linguistic understanding but also fosters a more inclusive and diverse learning environment.
By embracing the principles of social interaction, playful learning, and dialogic learning, educators can create a more dynamic and engaging learning environment that supports students in developing their language skills and fosters long-term memory and comprehension.
Jerome Bruner's work in cognitive psychology shares conceptual connections with several prominent educational theorists, including Lev Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, Carl Rogers, John Dewey, and Albert Bandura. These connections offer valuable insights for teachers seeking to enrich classroom instruction and promote student learning through a diverse range of perspectives.
Bruner's theories align with Vygotsky's emphasis on the social nature of learning, suggesting that cognitive development is strongly influenced by social interactions and cultural context.
This connection highlights the importance of creating a collaborative learning environment that fosters social engagement and shared discovery. Similarly, Bruner's focus on cognitive development resonates with Piaget's stage theory, emphasizing the need for educators to tailor instructional strategies to the developmental needs of students.
Drawing parallels with Carl Rogers' humanistic approach, Bruner's theories underscore the importance of fostering intrinsic motivation and self-directed learning, encouraging students to take an active role in the learning process.
John Dewey's experiential learning philosophy also aligns with Bruner's emphasis on discovery learning, suggesting that hands-on, real-world experiences are critical for deep understanding and long-lasting knowledge retention.
Finally, Albert Bandura's social learning theory complements Bruner's work by emphasizing the role of observation and imitation in learning.
By incorporating elements of these theorists' work into their teaching, educators can create a well-rounded and comprehensive learning environment that addresses the diverse cognitive, social, and emotional needs of students.
By weaving together these diverse approaches, educators can create a more dynamic, engaging, and effective learning environment that promotes cognitive development and fosters lifelong learning.
Jerome Bruner's pioneering work during the cognitive revolution has had a profound impact on modern educational practices, significantly shaping the way educators approach teaching and learning.
As one of the leading cognitive psychologists of his time, Bruner's groundbreaking research and publications, including those with Harvard University Press and Academic Press, have contributed to the development of a theoretical framework that continues to influence educational thought and practice.
Bruner's affiliation with renowned institutions such as the University of Oxford, University of California, and his contributions to the American Psychological Association have further solidified his position as an influential figure in the field of cognitive psychology.
His work has shifted the focus from the traditional behaviorist approach to a more comprehensive "thinking of memory" viewpoint, emphasizing the importance of semantic memory and memory retrieval in the learning process.
One of the most significant contributions of Bruner's work to modern educational practices is his emphasis on the active role of learners in constructing knowledge and making meaning. This perspective has encouraged educators to create learning environments that foster exploration, discovery, and critical thinking, thereby empowering students to take ownership of their learning.
Furthermore, Bruner's research on cognitive development and the role of language in shaping thought has informed the design of instructional strategies that cater to the developmental needs of learners. By incorporating his insights into classroom practice, teachers can create more engaging and effective learning experiences that promote the growth of cognitive skills and long-term memory.
In conclusion, Jerome Bruner's work has had a lasting impact on the field of education, shaping the way modern educational practices are approached and implemented. By embracing his theoretical framework and insights into cognitive psychology, educators can create more dynamic and effective learning environments that cater to the diverse needs of students and promote lifelong learning.
Here are five studies that explore Jerome Bruner's theoretical outlook on hands-on learning:
1. In Memoriam: Jerome Seymour Bruner [1915–2016]
Summary: This paper highlights Bruner's emphasis on children learning best through their own interests, scaffolded by adults. It discusses his "spiral curriculum" concept, which is crucial in the cognitive development of children.
2. Discovery Learning — Jerome Bruner
Summary: Bruner's work on knowledge construction through symbolic representations and scaffolding led to the 'learning how to learn' and 'learning by doing' movements in science education, impacting education policy and the role of education.
3. Rituals to Block the Reform of Education, Review of Jerome S. Bruner’s, the Process of Education
Summary: This review of Bruner's "The Process of Education" reflects on its significant impact on education theory, influencing the development of both children and adult learners.
4. The Instruction Theory of Jerome Bruner
Summary: This study discusses Bruner's guided discovery learning theory, emphasizing its role in educational psychology and its application in the development of social science curricula.
5. Jerome Bruner nos processos de aprender e ensinar Ciências
Summary: Bruner's theory, emphasizing problem-solving and cognitive development, is explored in the context of teaching and learning sciences, impacting educational approaches for both children and adult learners.
